Earthworks

Activity Unit Soil consistency Skill
I-II. III. IV. V.
Time-standard (hour)
Topsoil excavation, depth less than 10 cm,
(and for each 10 cms on)
10m2 0.79 1.2 - - labourer
Excavation, from trench without timbering, depth less than 1,5 m
vertical or sloped earthwall
m3 1.17 1.71 2.76 3.98 labourer
Excavation, from ditch without timbering m3 1.46 2.49 3.76 4.64 labourer
Excavation, from trench with timbered vertical earthwall m3 1.47 2.67 4.07 4.79 labourer
Excavation, from ditch with timbered vertical earthwall m3 1.46 2.66 4.08 4.87 labourer
Refill and spread in trench m3 0.61 0.85 1.08 - labourer
Refinery earthwork after rough excavation by equipment, depth 10-20 cm 10m2 2.16 3.81 5.58 - labourer
Levelling the ground, without compacting, depth below 10 cm 10m2 0.50 0.72 0.97 - labourer
Levelling the ground, without compacting, depth 10-20 cm 10m2 0.96 1.35 1.81 - labourer
Sloping in a hollow or on embankment, mean thickness 10 cm 10m2 0.72 1.02 1.43 - labourer
Sloping in a hollow or on embankment, mean thickness 10-15 cm 10m2 0.92 1.32 2.02 - labourer
Subgrading, excavated earth deposited, depth below 10 cm
(and for each 10 cms on)
10m2 1.11 1.54 2.03 - labourer
Loading earth or building rubbish to truck,
or moving it within an arm reach distance
m3 0.73 0.92 1.08 1.27 labourer
Spreading earth or building rubbish, mean depth below 20 cm, 
after rough spreading by equipment
m3 0.17 0.25 0.33 - labourer
Remark: When applying earthmoving equipment the performance of them is authorative;
proportion of work performed by labourers - depending on the section - is about 2-15 % of total volume.